The 6G network will be the next big step in mobile technology, expected to launch around 2030. Currently in the research phase, it promises to go far beyond 5G and 4G with faster speeds, lower latency, greater capacity, and better connectivity. Using THz frequencies for higher bandwidth, AI for smarter networks, and quantum communication for advanced security, 6G will power exciting applications like holographic communication, brain-machine interfaces, autonomous systems, and the Internet of Everything (IoE), paving the way for a highly connected and intelligent future.

The foundational advancement of 6G indicates significant performance enhancements over previous generations:

  1. Spectrum Efficiency: With 5–10x improvement over 5G, 6G will maximise the spectrum use, enabling high-capacity transmissions for increasing network demands.
  2. Peak Data Rates: Exceeding 1 Tb/s, 6G will support next-generation applications like holographic communications and high-resolution immersive experiences.
  3. Latency: Reduced to 10–100 µs for over-the-air (OTA) transmissions, 6G enables ultra-reliable real-time applications such as brain-machine interfaces, autonomous systems, and tactile internet.
  4. Mobility: With support for 1000 km/h speed, 6G supports high-speed transportation systems like hypersonic travel and advanced railway systems.
  5. Connectivity Density: Connecting >10⁷ devices/km² will support dense IoT ecosystems, including smart cities, industrial automation, and ambient intelligence.
  6. Energy Efficiency: Efficiency to be improved 100 times, emphasising sustainability and minimising the environmental impact of the growing digital ecosystem.
  7. Traffic Capacity: With an area traffic capacity of up to 1 Gbps/m², 6G will provide consistent performance in densely populated urban centres and during high-traffic events.

6G technology is designed to address diverse and futuristic use cases, grouped into key verticals:

  1. Enhanced eMBB (FeMBB)
    • Holographic Verticals: Real-time holographic telepresence for virtual meetings, education, and entertainment.
    • Full-Sensory Digital Sensing and Reality: Immersive experiences that incorporate multiple senses in digital interactions.
    • UHD/SHD/EHD Videos: Ultra-high-definition video streaming for cinematic-quality remote collaborations.
    • Tactile/Haptic Internet: Real-time transmission of touch and feedback for applications like telemedicine and virtual reality.
  2. Enhanced Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (ERLLC)
    • Fully Automated Driving: Safe and reliable real-time communication for autonomous vehicles in urban and highway settings.
    • Industrial Internet: High-precision and responsive connectivity for smart factories, robotics, and industrial IoT systems.
  3. Massive Machine-Type Communications (umMTC)
    • The Internet of Everything (IoE) will become a reality with comprehensive integration of devices, systems, and environments, driving smart cities and personalised services.
  4. Enhanced Low Power Communications (ELPC)
    • Internet of Bio-Nano-Things: Advanced nanoscale connectivity for healthcare and biological systems.
  5. Long-Distance High-Mobility Communications (LDHMC)
    • Space Travel: Reliable communication for interplanetary exploration and space tourism.
    • Deep-Sea Sightseeing: Advanced communication systems for underwater exploration and operations.
    • Hyperspeed Railways: Seamless connectivity for passengers traveling at speeds greater than 1000 km/h.
  6. Energy Efficiency and Environmental Goals
    • Energy Harvesting: Devices will capture energy from ambient sources such as solar power or electromagnetic waves, reducing dependence on batteries.
    • Zero-Power Communications: Some devices will operate solely on harvested energy, making them ideal for IoT in remote or inaccessible locations.
    • AI-Driven Energy Management: Artificial intelligence will optimize resource allocation across the network, ensuring minimal power usage without compromising performance.